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For: immigrants, work visas, F-1 with work authorization · Last reviewed 2026-10-30

How to apply for a Social Security number (SSN)

Applying is free. Compiled from SSA publications.

  1. Confirm you qualify

    • Usually need DHS work authorization;
    • F-1 needs on-campus work or CPT/OPT;
    • Driving/school/private insurance often do not require an SSN.
    Official sources: SSA 05-10096; SSA 05-10181
    Last reviewed 2026-10-30

  2. Apply with immigrant visa / green card

    • Request SSN with immigrant visa abroad;
    • Or check the SSN box on I-485;
    • Contact SSA if no card 14 days after the green card.
    Official sources: SSA 05-10096
    Last reviewed 2026-10-30

  3. Do not go too soon after entry

    • ~10 days after entry;
    • Students: ≥48 hours after school check-in.
    Official sources: SSA 05-10096; SSA 05-10181
    Last reviewed 2026-10-30

  4. Start online, finish in person within 45 days

    • Start on SSA’s first-time request page;
    • Finish at a local office within 45 days;
    • 1-800-772-1213.
    Official sources: SSA: Request SSN first time; SSA 05-10096
    Last reviewed 2026-10-30

  5. Bring originals only

    • Passport + immigration evidence;
    • Students: I-20 / employer letter as required;
    • No photocopies or notarized copies.
    Official sources: SSA 05-10096; SSA 05-10181
    Last reviewed 2026-10-30

  6. Fees and wait times

    • Free;
    • Cards often mail in 5–10 business days;
    • Employers can use the receipt letter.
    Official sources: SSA: Request SSN first time; SSA 05-10181
    Last reviewed 2026-10-30

  7. If you do not qualify: ITIN

    • ITIN is for federal tax only;
    • Does not authorize work.
    Official sources: IRS: ITIN
    Last reviewed 2026-10-30

FAQFrequently asked questions

QCan an F-1 apply on arrival?

Not from enrollment alone — need work authorization.

QDoes it cost money?

No.

QPhotocopies OK?

No — originals or certified copies.

QWork before the card arrives?

Yes, with the SSA receipt letter.

The answers above summarize publicly available official information. They are not legal, immigration or tax advice for any individual case; follow the official sources linked on this page.